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介绍了在已知环形轴对称等离子体平衡位形的条件下,建立磁力线为直线的坐标系的方法。该坐标系被广泛应用于托卡马克等离子体的磁流体稳定性和动理论物理问题的理论分析,但文献中对坐标系建立方法却很少有介绍。结合几类托卡马克位形和球形环位形,对该类坐标系的特征进行了分析。     

Transformation Electrics: Cloaking and Rotating Electric Current

Transformation optics provides great versatility for precisely manipulating electromagnetic waves. It has been extended to other fields including acoustics, thermotics, and electrics. Taking advantage of the transformation electrics method, we demonstrate that the square-shaped cloak can guide electric current around the cloaked region smoothly without perturbing the exterior electric current. And the cylindrical rotator can rotate the electric current.Inside the enclosed domain of the rotator, the electric current from the outside will appear as if it is coming from a different angle. Finally, the related experimental realizations and potential applications are also discussed.     

Integrable generalization of the associated Camassa–Holm equation

In this paper, we study an integrable generalization of the associated Camassa–Holm equation. The generalized system is shown to be integrable in the sense of Lax pair and the bilinear Bäcklund transformations are presented through the Bell polynomial technique. Meanwhile, its infinite conservation laws are constructed, and conserved densities and fluxes are given in explicit recursion formulas. Furthermore, a Darboux transformation for the system is derived with the help of the gauge transformation between two Lax pairs. As an application, soliton and periodic wave solutions are given through the Darboux transformation.     

一种有场旋转和集中功能的新型多功能电磁器件的设计与研究

基于变换光学理论设计了一种新型的多功能电磁器件—旋转集中器.它以特殊的方式引导电磁波使其传播方向在器件核心区发生指定角度的旋转,并同时实现电磁场能量向该核心区的集中.针对提出的三种等效的旋转集中器结构,分别推导了相应的本构参数表达式,并利用有限元软件对三种结构分别进行了全波仿真.仿真结果验证了本构参数表达式的正确性.这三种不同的结构中,前两种结构由三层介质构成,后一种简化为两层介质.对于给定的任意旋转角度和能量集中率,三种结构可以使电磁场发生等效的传播方向旋转和能量集中两种效果.这些结果有助于对旋转器和集中器机理的进一步理解,并为复合功能器件的设计奠定了更充分的理论基础.本文提出的旋转集中器在设计高效率接收天线和特殊电路封装互联器件等方面都有潜在的应用前景.     

双模晶体相场研究形变诱导的多级微结构演化

本文采用双模晶体相场模型,计算了双模二维相图;模拟了形变诱导六角相向正方相转变过程的多级微结构演化,详细分析了位相差、形变方向对位错、晶界、晶体结构、新相形貌的影响规律.模拟结果表明:形变方向影响正方相晶核的形核位置和生长方向,拉伸时正方相优先在变形带上形核,垂直于形变方向长大,而压缩时正方相直接在位错和晶界的能量较高处形核,平行于形变方向长大;位相差对形变诱发晶界甄没过程有显著影响,体现在能量峰上为,小位相差晶界位错的攀滑移和甄没形成一个能量峰,大位相差晶界位错攀滑移和甄没因分阶段完成而不出现明显的能量峰;形变诱导相变过程中各种因素相互作用复杂,是相变与动态再结晶的复合转变.     

量子隐形传态的类簇态信道方案

提出了利用一个四粒子类簇态来实现一个任意两粒子态的隐形传送方案.如果接受者能根据发送者提供的测量信息对量子态实施一个合适的幺正变换,那么隐形传送就能以一定的概率实现.由于该方案中充当量子信道的是部分纠缠态,因此该方案比以前基于最大纠缠态的方案更具有现实意义.同时研究导出一个重要的结论：可以从一个四粒子类簇态（部分纠缠态）中以一定的概率提取出一个四粒子簇态（最大纠缠态）,这个概率等于成功隐形传态的概率.     

Cu87团簇在升温与急冷过程中结构变化的原子尺度模拟

本文采用基于嵌入原子法的正则系综分子动力学方法在原子尺度上计算了包含87个原子的Cu87金属团簇在连续升温和急冷降温时的结构演化过程。根据原子平均势能、对分布函数、原子堆积结构和主要原子键对数目随温度的变化表明,温度的不同极大地影响团簇内的原子堆积结构。在升温过程中,随着温度的升高,团簇内原子堆积结构出现由密排六方、二十面体直到无序堆积的变化。在急冷降温过程中,随着急冷温度的降低,团簇内由出现的一定数量的二十面体和面心立方的局域结构、数量不一的HCP,FCC和二十面体局域结构,直到急冷温度较低时的一定数量的二十面体局域结构。     

Strain glass behaviour of Ni–Co–Mn–Sn ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

We report the direct experimental observations of the glassy behaviour in Ni–Co–Mn–Sn ferromagnetic shape memory alloys by doping sufficient substitutional point defect Co into the Ni sites (9 at%). The results showed that high level of Co doping had caused the complete suppression of the martensitic transformation and introduction of a strain glass transition in Ni–Co–Mn–Sn alloys. The strain glass transition was definitively characterized by the dynamic mechanical anomalies following the Vogel–Fulcher relationship and the signature nonergodicity of the frozen glass using a zero‐field‐cooled/field‐cooled heating measurement of static strain. The findings clarified the cause of vanishing of the martensitic transformation in Ni–Co–Mn–Sn alloy with high Co doping levels and the generality of glassy state in Ni–Mn based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys with high level of foreign elements doping. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Analytical solution of a double moving boundary problem for nonlinear flows in one-dimensional semi-infinite long porous media with low permeability简

Based on Huang＇s accurate tri-sectional nonlin- ear kinematic equation （1997）, a dimensionless simplified mathematical model for nonlinear flow in one-dimensional semi-infinite long porous media with low permeability is presented for the case of a constant flow rate on the inner boundary. This model contains double moving boundaries, including an internal moving boundary and an external mov- ing boundary, which are different from the classical Stefan problem in heat conduction： The velocity of the external moving boundary is proportional to the second derivative of the unknown pressure function with respect to the distance parameter on this boundary. Through a similarity transfor- mation, the nonlinear partial differential equation （PDE） sys- tem is transformed into a linear PDE system. Then an ana- lytical solution is obtained for the dimensionless simplified mathematical model. This solution can be used for strictly checking the validity of numerical methods in solving such nonlinear mathematical models for flows in low-permeable porous media for petroleum engineering applications. Finally, through plotted comparison curves from the exact an- alytical solution, the sensitive effects of three characteristic parameters are discussed. It is concluded that with a decrease in the dimensionless critical pressure gradient, the sensi- tive effects of the dimensionless variable on the dimension- less pressure distribution and dimensionless pressure gradi- ent distribution become more serious; with an increase in the dimensionless pseudo threshold pressure gradient, the sensi- tive effects of the dimensionless variable become more serious; the dimensionless threshold pressure gradient （TPG） has a great effect on the external moving boundary but has little effect on the internal moving boundary.     

Rayleigh waves in an isotropic elastic half-space coated by a thin isotropic elastic layer with smooth contact

In the present paper, we are interested in the propagation of Rayleigh waves in an isotropic elastic half-space coated with a thin isotropic elastic layer. The contact between the layer and the half space is assumed to be smooth. The main purpose of the paper is to establish an approximate secular equation of the wave. By using the effective boundary condition method, an approximate, yet highly accurate secular equation of fourth-order in terms of the dimensionless thickness of the layer is derived. From the secular equation obtained, an approximate formula of third-order for the velocity of Rayleigh waves is established. The approximate secular equation and the formula for the velocity obtained in this paper are potentially useful in many practical applications.